What causes an exploded battery?

What causes batteries to explode? I ripped out my batteries yesterday and found that 2 HC2400s were exploded/melted. We checked the voltage and they were sitting at 13.5v, which is just fine, and my alternator is charging just fine. Ive seen batteries bulged out before, but never like this. Anyone ever see the Kinetiks explode/melt before? Ive heard from one other person that it was either like an 800 or 1200 that melted. Anyone have any idea to why these batteries randomly melt?
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wtf?

 
Elaborate?
where was this battery mounted, and what are the chances the terminals closed?

pics of them installed?

every battery I have seen with bulging of that magnitude has been an installation issue(not saying yours was, but give us pics to prove it wasn't)

and what is the resting voltage of the 2400?

edit: looks like a 6 cell...so it is a 12v battery and you said it was at 13.5 resting. you had an overcharge issue:fyi:

 
One of my teammates accidentally caught one of the modded 2400's on fire. The two center terminals were tapped together, thus acting as a ground. The +8V (I believe) terminal accidentally shorted when he tightened up the ring terminals because the ring terminal spun and came into contact with the center tap. Nothing happened to the -4V side. When this happened the battery released gas and then started burning. You can where one of the vents opened up. To this day the battery still holds a 13V float voltage, although it fails a load test.

 
Depending on how you had/have things wired you could have had a bottle neck issue...not a lot to go off of from what has been said, I would send Erik or Rich of Kinetik an email. Over the years I have seen batteries actually BLOW up (not just swell up).. If a battery vents and doesnt swell it will vent things that can be harmful, and even eventually leak....

 
There were 10 batteries lines up. Buss bars on all +s and all -s. No way they could have shorted externally, as they were behind the trim pannels and nothing else was back there to short them out.

They were always discharged very quickly, and then charged back up very quickly, but its a deep cycle and they are built to be completely discharged then recharged.

The resting voltage is 13.4-13.5. I know that isnt good for the battery, but no way it would do this to a battery. It might give it a slight bulge, but nothing like this.

Ive ran them the same way in previous setups, wired the same way, used under the same tough conditions, etc, with no problems whatsoever.

 
There were 10 batteries lines up. Buss bars on all +s and all -s. No way they could have shorted externally, as they were behind the trim pannels and nothing else was back there to short them out.
They were always discharged very quickly, and then charged back up very quickly, but its a deep cycle and they are built to be completely discharged then recharged.

The resting voltage is 13.4-13.5. I know that isnt good for the battery, but no way it would do this to a battery. It might give it a slight bulge, but nothing like this.

Ive ran them the same way in previous setups, wired the same way, used under the same tough conditions, etc, with no problems whatsoever.
You still have a stock alt in that van? Either they didn't like being discharged really low and the back up again or maybe your alt went bad overcharging them?

And can you reupload the first pic?

 
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