I also have an sla, and the majority of the responses here are either bad presumptions or completely bs guesses...
It is a source level adjustment. It affects not only the radio, but the cd as well as auxilary inputs as well. It does not "increase the volume by +4" or do anything like that. It is like a gain for the HU. Your amp has a gain setting, which is for adjusting the amp so that it compensates for weaker or stronger input signals. SLA on a HU does just that. It adjusts its input sensitivity to make up for stronger or weaker input levels (or recording levels of music).
Personally, the way I use it is for compensating for the fact that the 0db test tone you set gains with is much louder than most music will ever be. I set my gains, turn the volume all the way up, and then check on a heavy bass song how far I can turn up the SLA without clipping or sending too much power to my subs, and then I use that as my "full tilt". So, currently, if I turn up my HU to 50 (where I set my gains) with SLA at +2, music comes through just as hard as test tones do with SLA at 0.