I'll have to second BB's guess that the cause for your amp temporarily shutting down was from it tripping the thermal protection function.
Most amps have such a thing but the specific temperature that trips the safeguard varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. Usually, though, it is somewhere around 185 degrees Farenheit internal temp (give or take)
As far as the other portion of your question.
HP is going to be for High-P*** filter and the LP is going to be for Low-P*** filter. These are crossover functions which, depending on which filter it is, bar either the lower or higher frequencies from getting through to drivers that aren't well-suited to reproduce them.
High-Pass filters attenuate the frequencies below the selected cutoff point. The level of attenuation will be dependant on the slope of the crossover in question. The steeper the slope (generally measured as follows ~ 6dB/octave, 12dB/octave, 18dB/octave, etc etc etc) the sharper the attenuation of the frequencies below the cutoff step.
Low-pass filters are going to be just the opposite. They will allow the lower frequencies through and attenuate anything above the selected cutoff frequency.
So - their names make it easy to tell which is which and what function each serves.
High-Pass filters allow high frequencies to freely pass the filtering electronics while attenuating the lower freqs.
Low-Pass filters allow the low freqs to freely pass through while attenuating out the higher freqs.
So - with this in mind the high-pass filters are going to be appropriate for your interior speakers (mids and highs) since they are designed to provide you with all the frequencies above the subbass region.
The low-pass filters are going to be for your subwoofers to keep out all the frequencies better suited for your interior speakers to provide you.