1.get a 6 volt d/c battery
connect it to the sub
in free air u supposed to get a full cone excursion out and the cone remains there until u disconnect the battery with no extra vibration.
2. remove the speaker from the enclosure and smell the pole piece and around the spider assembly. If it smells like a burnt circuit or burnt plastic u fried the coil.
3. check it with an electric ohm meter. If you blew the coil of burnt it the impedance reading u get would be different from the impedance rating of the speaker by more that .5 ohm.
hope this helps you.
ps: don't push on your dustcap. The coil will only scratch if you press the cone out of alignment or unevenly. Hence this is not a good way to check this.