The technical reason is because starting batteries have very porous plates on the anode and cathode...the electrolyte can flow very easily through them, and therefore, the red/ox reactions that drive a battery can take place very rapidly. However, this has the side effect of wearing the plates down quickly, so regular lead acids don't tolerate "cycling" very well. Once they get fully depleted, often times they can't be brought back up to a regular voltage.
Deep cycle batteries, on the other hand, have thicker plates - like the previous post said, they can't provide a lot of inrush current, but they can be cycled hundreds of times down to a very low voltage and charged again.