In planning subwoofer systems we have "Hoffman's Iron Law" which says you can have ONLY 2 of these:
1. High efficiency
2. Good low extension
3. Small cabinet
Space makes bass. The most space you are willing to sacrifice the easier it will be to get loud and low. So decide how much space you can spare and then plan your cone area and power around that. In a vehicle space is ALWAYS limited so it is good practice to start from there and plan accordingly.
Most high output modern subwoofers are designed to play well in ported alignment. For ported box typically 10" will want 1.5-2 cubic feet, 12" will want 2-3 cubic feet, 15" will want 4.25-6 cubic feet, and 18" will want 7 cubic feet or more. Many subs will perform OK in a bit less airspace and many more will keep gaining output as you go into even more volume. Keep in mind, these are net volumes which do not count for the wood, port, or displacement of the woofer itself.
Power is pretty cheap these days so a lot of people trade efficiency for space these days but many of these heavy duty woofers just won't give you good bandwidth in too-small box.