I'd like to toss in my 2 cents here, even though audioholic and Don have done an excellent job already.
When it comes to raising or lowering the resonant frequency of a panel, I think it boils down to what works best for your application. All vehicles have a nominal resonant frequency that, if you are a serious competitor, you want to tap in to. This is the frequency that provides the most cabin gain.
In the case of my vehicle, adding weight (deadener) most definitely lowered the resonant frequency of my vehicle. For the way my truck is set up and is metered, this most likely helped my SPL score by lowering the resonant frequency into a range that gives me a "boost", if you will.
How do I know this helped? Well, because if I brace any panel, thereby making it stiffer, I actually LOSE on the meter. Depending on the panel "stiffened", anywhere from .3 to over a dB. This is a significant change. Obviously stiffening panels to raise the resonant frequency would only hurt my SPL score based on the information provided.
I think this is an oversight of some SPL competitors. The reason they are gaining after adding mass is because they are lowering the resonant frequency of their vehicle that better matches the frequency they are testing with. Now whether you gain or not is also dependent on many other factors that audioholic listed above, but some of the principles remain the same. Covering up holes, reducing (to a point) interior and exterior panel vibration, etc. are all tied into this as well.
Don't forget that bracing can also make sure the panel makes good contact with the seal, which can increase pressure inside the vehicle.
I've seen many instances where a competitor has initially LOST after deadening a vehicle, only to regain their original score (and sometimes more) after retuning/rebuilding their enclosure. And there are the cases where you lose permanently until you rip the stuff out all together. In this case what probably happened is they lowered the resonant frequency too much, thereby reducing the cabin gain they had previously experienced.
At least that's the way I see it. Truth be told is that you never really know if it's going to hurt or help you until you try it out. This holds true for ANY aspect of SPL. If everything was factual in the realm of spl competition you would see every car built exactly the same way. This is not the case and never will be.
SPL competition is a whole different beast compared to a daily driver. What daily drivers want is reduced noise and vibrations, both from inside the car and outside the car. For some reason people have this preconceived notion that deadener will help reduce road noise and that's why you need to cover every square inch of your car with the stuff. Fact of the matter is (and Don's website lists the specifics as to why) that deadener is a HORRIBLE noise blocker. Reducing road noise was my number one concern when I was building my daily setup, that's why I did the proper thing by ABSORBING and BLOCKING the noise using CCF and MLV.
The bottom line is YOU need to determine what your wants and needs are and base your purchases off of that.