"The ATLAS experiment has released results confirming that the Higgs boson has spin 0 (it is a so-called “scalar”) and positive parity as predicted by the Standard Model, making it the only elementary scalar particle to be observed in nature."
"Spin is the intrinsic angular momentum of an elementary particle, measured in units of the reduced Planck’s constant ħ. In quantum field theory, the spin of a particle is related to its behaviour, for example particles with integer spin (0, 1, 2…), called bosons, can occupy the same quantum state at the same time. In contrast, particles with half-integer spin (1/2, 3/2, 5/2…) cannot. The known elementary constituents of matter (electron, quarks, neutrinos…) are spin 1/2 particles, whereas the particles (photon, W/Z, gluon) which mediate the known interactions (respectively electromagnetic, weak, strong) are spin 1 particles."
The ATLAS experiment has released results confirming that the Higgs boson has spin 0 (it is a so-called “scalar”) and positive parity as predicted by the Standard Model, making it the only elementary scalar particle to be observed in nature. Definitions of angular observables sensitive to the...
atlas.cern
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"CERN engineers control the frequency of the change to ensure the particles accelerate not in a continuous stream, but in closely spaced "bunches". ... allowing radio waves to interact with passing particle bunches. Each time a beam passes the electric field in an RF cavity, some of the energy from the radio waves is transferred to the ..."
home.web.cern.ch
"In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (
https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider), 16 RF cavities are housed in four cylindrical refrigerators called cryomodules, which enable them to work in a superconducting state.
Each cavity is driven by a high-power klystron, which is a tube containing electron beams. The electron beams are intensity-modulated to a frequency of 400 MHz, or 400 million oscillations per second..."
home.cern
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