Distortion
At moderate power levels all of these enclosure types exhibit pretty
decent manners. The ported box and the bandpass designs produce less
distortion than the sealed box, but the difference is marginal.
At higher power levels things change considerably. The dual-reflex
bandpass, due to the fact that its ports control cone motion over a
wider range of frequencies, produces the least distortion and exhibits
the best power-handling characteristics. The ported enclosure and the
single-reflex bandpass also do a very good job producing high-levels of
undistorted bass output, again due to reduced cone motion in this
frequency range. Bringing up the rear in this category is the sealed
enclosure, which produces higher levels of distortion at high power
levels. There is a common misconception that ported designs produce
more distortion than sealed boxes. As you can see this is not entirely
accurate; it depends on the frequency and the power level.
Transient Response
Transient response refers to the ability of the subwoofer system to
reproduce quick changes (transients) in the program material
accurately. This is often interpreted as "tightness" or "looseness"
which is maybe a dangerous terminology since many people are more
influenced by tonal characteristics when asked to qualify the
"tightness" of the bass. Transient response is actually a function of
accuracy in relation to time rather than frequency. In music, sounds
like drum strikes and quick bass guitar pulses are good tests of a
subwoofer system's transient performance. A system with good transient
response will reproduce these sounds with clear, "tight" definition. A
system with poor transient response tends to blur these sounds over
time, due to the speaker's inability to stop and start quickly enough
to react to the signal accurately.
It is generally accepted that an optimized sealed enclosure exhibits
the best transient response characteristics. The control provided by
the air-spring in a good sealed system contribute to generally
outstanding transient behavior (at very high power levels, the
increased distortion can overshadow this advantage, however.)
A ported enclosure can also achieve good transient behavior but never
as good as an optimized sealed enclosure. It is possible, however, for
a well-designed ported enclosure to have better transient response
characteristics than sealed enclosures with higher Qtc's (above 1.0.)
The specific alignment of the sealed and ported enclosures plays a huge
role in determining the transient characteristics of each individual
subwoofer system.
Single-Reflex bandpass designs can also have good transient
characteristics if their bandwidth is fairly narrow, but again, not as
good as an optimized sealed enclosure. As the bandwidth becomes wider,
their transient response can degrade considerably.
Dual-Reflex designs generally exhibit inferior transient response
characteristics when compared to the other designs. As with
single-reflex designs, narrower bandwidths produce better transient
performance than wider ones.