Theres realistically only 10 carriers today. Myself am an FC1, my job does weapon system maintenance and firing of the Tomahawk Cruise missile system. Pictures earlier was the Phalanx Weapon system, akso known as CIWS (close in weapon system) which is generally used
I was on a Ticonderoga class guided missile cruiser, which is designed for air defense around the carrier. But thats not all we do. Generally a battlegroup consits of 2-4 surface ships and a sub or 2. We also do undersea warfare (sub detection), strike warfare (surface strike with cruise missiles), surface warfare (destroying hostile ships) and MIO operations (search and seizure of oil smugglers). My last 2 deployments, only 1 ship stayed with the carrier, the rest did theyre own thing. Think of us as a babysitter of the carrier......they dont have the defense equipment as smaller ships do. THey generally only have self defense equipment. (ie CIWS, NATO Seasparrow, and RAM)
Day to day ship life is performing maintenance on equipment, qualifications on equipment and watchstations, cleaning, preservation, etc.
Dont know so much about aviation side, but as FC's we generally stand watch as radar operators and weapon system operators. I could go into more detail with acronyms and names of shit, but will probably confuse more than clarify.
Just remember, Tomahawks lead the way! Pilots go in second.