I just set gains with a 0db tone with an oscope somewhere in the middle of where the filters are set... I think a lot of people do it this way but some people do it by ear if they're peaking out the capabilities of their speakers
only on a sine wave. On music its a whole different ball game. Not every song is recorded the same. Either you just set it at 0 db and never have to worry about clipping but you fked yourself over on a lot of output or you actually learn your system limits along with knowing your music and having common sense about playing bass aka just roll up on the volume rather than starting off high. When it comes to door speakers, oscope and multi-meter method is even more useless because its easy to hear speaker break up and distortion, basically when your amp is struggling, your speakers start sounding bad. If your high pass is not high enough, you'll have mechanical noise. Its a lot easier to detect issues with mids and tweets.