there is only one way to measure sq... an RTA (real time analyser). The goal is to have a perfectly flat response across the entire audible spectrum. Competitions have trained judges subjectively measuring SQ by ear.
SPL is Sound Pressure Level, or how much air pressure you can create - iow - how loud your sub woofers can get.
A perfect RTA score means you are good with an EQ. It says nothing for the imaging and staging capabilities of the system as well as the tonal accuracy, dynamics and linearity of the system. This is why most competitors these days have multiple EQ programs for the different stages of the judging. Yes RTA falls under the SQ portion of the judging, but it does not measure SQ. There is NO way to measure SQ other than subjectively. If you want to objectify it as much as possible average the scores over a series of shows with different judges and the same format, but other than that, it can't be "measured".