A subwoofer's Theil-Small specifications are technical parameters that an engineer refers to when designing a speaker enclosure. The main parameters are known by the letters F,V, and Q. These letters are followed by the either of the two subscripts: "s" for the speaker operating in free air without an enclosure, and "c" for operation in an enclosure of some sort. F refers the speaker's resonant frequency. Below this frequency, the speaker's response drops off sharply. Fs is the resonance frequency of the speaker in open air, and Fc is its resonant frequency in an enclosure. refers to a volume of air. Vb is the amount of air volume in a box. Vas of a speaker is the volume of air that would have the same springiness as the woofer's own elastic suspension. Q refers to the "quality" of the resonance. Keep in mind that optimal values for the Theil-Small numbers vary depending on the type of speaker system.