It depends on how the coil of the subs handle power and on the mechanical aspects of the design as well. The 2 subs will probably be just a bit louder (you would need a meter to tell) because the single sub would be entering into power compression and becoming less efficient as you increase the power. If you can address the phase cancellation problem it would theoretically be easier to get louder with more subs with less power going to each. As you increase power per sub, the efficieny of that sub decreases and you stop getting the full 3dB out of each power doubling really quickly. Of course the more subs you add the more phasing becomes an issue so there is no easy route to loud.
As far as the 10dB to be perceived as twice as loud, once you figure in scale weighting to compensate of the inconsistency of the human ear across the frequency spectrum, it is 10dB, that is scaled standard.