I have a favorite analogy. Following the acceptance of Newton's Laws of Motion and Theory of Gravitation, it was thought that the mechanics of the "clockwork universe" were finally, thoroughly comprehended. But along came a problem ... the orbit of the planet Mercury simply does not obey Newton's Laws (yes ... even with all gravitational forces completely comprehended). This presents an interesting choice :
1. Around the turn of the centruy (~1900), one could have simply concluded that Newton's Laws are wrong. Instead of moving according to the universal, predictable forces of gravity, the planets move according to the will of an omnipotent, invisible creator. The problem with such a theory, of course, is that it doesn't help predict where Mercury will be next October 12th.
2. Alternatively, one could further develop & refine Newton's laws ... perhaps achieve a deeper understanding of the universe, with a new theory that could : one, be tested to verify it's accuracy and two, help predict the motion of Mercury.
The human condition is well served by the fact that Einstein chose option number 2.