there is limited testing that can be done.
basically, play a 0dB test tone and a -3dB test tone.
at each volume setting record the result. (or every other volume setting)
for each result, find a logarithm. (eg, log(x) or ln(x)). for this case, it won't matter what type of logarithm you choose.
so now you will have two sets of real values, and two sets of logrithms of these real values.
take the log(values) from the first run (0db) and subtract the log(values) from the second run (-3dB). for each test setting, the difference should be equal, up until there is clipping on the output. at that point, the difference should start to decrease.
eg, if there was a difference of 0.5 for settings 1 to 20, then at setting 21, log(test@0db) - log(test@-3dB) was less then 0.5, clipping has probably started at setting 21. (0.5 is really arbitrary. the numbers you are getting will seem arbitrary, but increasing)
also, on a peice of graphing paper, plot the logrithmic plots vs setting. eg, the X-Axis on the bottom is setting #, and the Y-Axis on the side is Logrithm(value@this setting). plot both traces and you will get mostly straight lines.
this should trace out a straight line for both cases, up until clipping sets in, where the traces will get closer together.