To the OP:
I will be giving you a long and thorough answer here to better help you understand car audio/ audio in general. So I suggest you read it all.
First off, keep your treble, mid, and bass settings to default (flat). It drives me nuts when people turn these up! They are set at flat for a reason, they give you the best sound quality!
Now, I am currently running the same type of setup as you (LOC tapped into rear speakers), but different gear.
With that being said, I think your buddy was just giving himself an insurance policy for installing your speakers. The LOC will not change anything about your current speakers in your car, the only thing it does it provide a signal to tell the sub when to dump and thump. Whether you have a LOC or not, turning up the bass past 50% can run the possibility to blow your speakers, just like with any other speaker in any car, radio, or home audio. They are not meant to be turned up to add the type of bass you want, they are meant for tuning purposes.
The reason he probably told you not to turn up your bass past 50% is probably becuase he has your gains set at 50%, so turning them up past that would blow your sub, not your rear speakers. I would suggest setting your gains yourself, it is fairly straight forward and people on here are more then welcome to help you out should you run into any problems.
Lastly, I think I read somewhere that you spent 13 dollars on your system, if that is true and you feel your system is inadequate to your liking I am fairly certain that those cheap subs/enclosure you bought has everything to do with it.
So to sum up your question about the rear speakers blowing, if they didn't blow before, adding a LOC wont change anything. Also invest in a proper enclosure and quality sub-woofer.