There's a lot of documentation on power filtration out there but there's a lot of BS too.
I personally think that some protection/filtration is very important which you can get pretty inexpensively. Furman makes some very basic but effective "pro" conditioners which can be bought at guitar center for under 200 bucks.
I've also heard very good things about the "Brickwall" filters although I have not persoanlly heard them myself. They are pretty cost effective. These combined with a dedicated 20 amp line (or two) and you should be pretty well set.
http://brickwall.thomasnet.com/
Which brings me to my next thought, if you own your own house, probably the best thing you can do is run dedicated 20amp lines. When we were doing work on our house it cost me a total of $300 to have 3 dedicated lines installed in my living room. I feel that this made a pretty huge difference in my system.
Probably the best solution and most expensive is not power filtering but power regeneration which is the closest you will find to actual battery power. I know that PS audio makes a regeneration system as does APS Purepower but those systems run around 3k. This is the best that I have ever heard personally.
http://www.purepoweraps.com/
The next step in my own system will be to install a brickwall filter and possibly remove my cheap furman pro conditioner (if it sounds better that way).
The basic audible improvement that you get beyond protection is a much lower noise floor. Background becomes much "blacker" and everything seems to smooth out, espcially vocals, and the overall presentation becomes more dynamic and life like (at least in my own experience). I would also add that especially the case with Class D amplification, Spectron, Tact, Tripath, Nuforce, etc. these amps really need clean power to sound their best. They can get pretty harsh with out it.
You might do a search for power filtration on audiocircle. There have been a number of informative threads on the topic over there.
I hope this helps.