It's called NIHL (noise induced hearing loss, lower frequencies are just as bad, It all depends on the presure level. 'bass' affects the higher frequency notes as well, because the vibration passes through the 'treble' sensory as well)
"Normal conversation is measured at a moderate noise level of 50-70 dB, while the extreme noise level of a rock concert might be measured at 100-120 dB. Over-exposure to high intensity sound is a leading cause of damage to sensory ("hair") cells. Prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 dB may cause permanent hearing loss."
" When damage first occurs, it usually affects the part of the ear corresponding to the mid-frequency range of 3 to 5 kHz. On an audiogram, this type of hearing loss configuration is commonly referred to as a "noise notch." These frequencies correspond to the region where our consonant sounds are heard. A person with this type of hearing loss may have trouble understanding speech because the speech sounds "muffled." It is common for individuals with this type of hearing loss to report "I can hear you; I just can’t understand you." This is because the louder, lower frequency vowels are audible but the softer high frequency consonants are made even more difficult to hear, due to reduced hearing sensitivity in that spectral region.
Hearing loss may or may not be accompanied by tinnitus – a ringing, buzzing or fluttering in one or both ears. While normal hearing people may also have tinnitus, it is usually symptomatic of some sort of high frequency hearing loss. Sometimes short duration exposure to sound may only cause temporary hearing loss. Temporary hearing loss is called a temporary threshold shift. This means that if a sound was first heard at some level of intensity, after over-exposure to loud sounds, that same sound would need to be louder in order to be heard. A temporary threshold shift usually disappears within 14-16 hours after over-exposure to loud sound. Cumulative over-exposure to loud sounds will eventually result in a "permanent threshold shift," e.g. a permanent hearing loss"
My mother is a speech and language pathologist, I had to do thurough research before, so I know the 'risks and hazards' of loud music!