It's not like 500w isn't stressful and 800 is.It's a question of what level of stress is acceptable.
The fact of the matter is alternators don't last forever even if you don't add any aftermarket electronics.
Will 500w decrease the life of the alt? Yes.
Will 800w? Yes.
You get the point.
My last two cars had 110A and 130A alts. They typically lasted about 2 yrs running 1500w rms.
I would THINK you wouldn't greatly reduce the life of your alt (assuming it IS in the 140A range) at 500-600w. No guarantees though.
Plus -- 500-600w and blasting it all the time would be a lot more stressful than 1000w of available power at low-moderate volume most of the time.
I guess what I'm trying to say is -- if concern for your electrical system is the focus - the lower power the better, and common sense with the volume knob is a plus.
Nothing is certain. People have blown stuff up with 400-500w and others have run 2k w/o any issues.