The 12 will have about 60% more displacement (50in^2 vs 80in^2), all variables being the same.
This will translate into roughly a 3.6dB increase over ther 10" version, for reference doubling your amplifier power from 500 to 1000 or 1000 to 2000 yields a 3dB increase (excluding power compression if the driver isnt thermally capable of the power)
Although in most models, a larger motor with a larger xmax is used to compensate for the larger cone, which in turn increases displacement even further.
The 12" cone should have more mass and a lower Fs, so rolloff should start later
^The last 2 are generalities, and there are exceptions to the rule. (ie Ava 18 has fs of 16hz, Ava 15 HAS fs of 15.7hz)