It's an IMPORT tariff. That means a tariff paid by the IMPORTER.
An EXPORT tariff is paid by the EXPORTER.
To make the above words official, this is taken from the government website. I made an important word bold.
China is an EXPORTER when they send goods here. If there is an EXPORT tariff, China would charge the EXPORTER in China.
Trump does not get to set EXPORT tariffs for Chinese EXPORTERS. Trump has no authority in China to do that.
So, Trump puts an IMPORT tariff on goods that get paid by the IMPORTER. An IMPORTER is located in the country where the goods land, to be bought by the consumer.
When the goods land here the IMPORTER has to pay the IMPORT tariff on those goods to the US government. Not coincidentally, the words IMPORTER and IMPORT tariff really seem to go together. The process is much like when you buy a Rolex in Switzerland, then have to pay a duty to US ccustoms when you get here.
With that purchase, you became an IMPORTER, and have to pay the fees. Rolex of Switzerland doesn't pay them for you.
Before, I only had to pay tariffs for goods I imported that exceeded the de minimis of $800. I paid this to the US Government. Now, I will have to pay a tariff for ALL goods I bring in. When the goods get here, the shipping agent will not be calling the seller and asking for the money, they will be demanding it of me before they hand over the product.
So, that carbon fiber bike frame that I got for $500 and was simply delivered to my door before, will now be delivered to my door but will not be left there until I pay the IMPORT tariff of $125. Those funds which go directly from my pocket to the US government.