I'd definitely say, 17" has the best sound quality.
No, seriously, there's no answer. The sound tuning of the sub and box combo matter a lot more than the size.
- If you want tight sound, go sealed, that has the best transient response. And don't even think about a bandpass!
- For low distortion (clearer sound), more total cone area is better. This could be one big woofer or several smaller ones.
- For low distortion (clearer sound), you want a long stroke woofer. Usually the 12s and 15s are best.
- For low distortion (clearer sound), look for a design with an extended or T pole, a shaped pole vent, and a magnetic circuit optimized to saturate the center pole.
My friend designed the Alpine Type Rs following all those ideas. I don't know about other woofers out there.