Well, to sum up the basic differences: Horns are permanent, usually contain a bony core and keratin (the fingernail stuff.) Horns can adorn both male and female animals and are unbranched. Some animals with horns include cattle, bison and goats. Antlers are made of a bony substance, not keratin. They are shed and regrown every year. Generally, only males have antlers. Some animals with antlers include deer and moose.