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<blockquote data-quote="audioholic" data-source="post: 7238555" data-attributes="member: 549629"><p>To understand this topic, you need to understand BL, and how it affects performance. BL is, of course, motor forced applied to the coil via the magnetic field. Motor force isn't, as most people think, simply the force to 'push' the cone in or out, its the force to <strong>control</strong> cone motion. The motor force doesn't simply throw the cone out, then let it bounce off the suspension and rebound back to center. It extends the cone in one direction (imagine hooking a speaker to DC), then the signal reverses polarity which slows and stops the cone's motion (aided by the suspension), and reverses it, to start the cycle over again.</p><p></p><p>Now that you understand how BL controls cone motio</p><p></p><p>Standard overhung and underhung motor topologies lose motor force at a fairly steady rate. The further the coil moves from the center position (the further the cone excursion is), the less of the coil is in the area of the concentration of effective magnet flux.</p><p></p><p>Now that you understand how BL controls cone motion, that standard motor designs with parabolic shaped BL curves lose motor force as cone excursion increases, and that at maximum cone excursion is simultaneously when the speaker needs all the motor force it can to reverse cone motion AND is also the same time motor force is the least, you can understand why "BL distortion" is responsible for about 80% of speaker induced distortion.</p><p></p><p>XBL^2 motors have a pretty much flat BL 'curve'. Their BL tends to be very linear, with much steeper drop offs in BL at each end when compared to the gentler slopes of the standard designs. XBL^2 setups (and BL optimized motors in general) are designed to work within this plateau of flat BL, keeping their motor force very consistent throughout the cone's stroke. In other words, the motor is basically just as strong at full cone excursion as it is when the coil is centered. BL distortion, which again accounts for about 80% of audible distortion from a speaker, is lowered to inaudible levels.</p><p></p><p>Now with all that being said, a couple other factors must be remembered. When I talk about BL distortion accounting for '80% of speaker distortion', that's only talking about the distortion generated by the speaker itself. That is speaker-level distortion. There is also signal-level distortion, which is distortion generated in the signal chain and passed on to the amplifier to process just like the original signal material. In other words, removing the vast majority of speaker-level distortion doesn't mean your system will never sound distorted again, the sub can/would still make audible any distortion coming from over-driving the signal source (h/u) or amplifier.</p><p></p><p>Another factor to consider is, not everyone prefers the 'sound' a BL optimized driver creates. Think about it, the vast majority of music we have ever listened to in our lives, was not live, it's been reproduced, by speakers, virtually of which have had a parabolic BL curve. Many of us are so use to hearing our favorite music WITH that BL distortion, that it feels natural, and when its gone something is wrong. Psychoacoustics at work.</p><p></p><p>The last contributing factor is, distortion levels are not the only factor in determining the 'audible footprint' a speaker creates. Suspension type/stiffness, fs and other design specs, and of course the enclosure design itself (and how it interacts with the speaker placed in it) all contribute to how a speaker 'sounds' to a person. Dont obsess over BL curves or distortion levels if it means ignoring other contributing factors.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="audioholic, post: 7238555, member: 549629"] To understand this topic, you need to understand BL, and how it affects performance. BL is, of course, motor forced applied to the coil via the magnetic field. Motor force isn't, as most people think, simply the force to 'push' the cone in or out, its the force to [B]control[/B] cone motion. The motor force doesn't simply throw the cone out, then let it bounce off the suspension and rebound back to center. It extends the cone in one direction (imagine hooking a speaker to DC), then the signal reverses polarity which slows and stops the cone's motion (aided by the suspension), and reverses it, to start the cycle over again. Now that you understand how BL controls cone motio Standard overhung and underhung motor topologies lose motor force at a fairly steady rate. The further the coil moves from the center position (the further the cone excursion is), the less of the coil is in the area of the concentration of effective magnet flux. Now that you understand how BL controls cone motion, that standard motor designs with parabolic shaped BL curves lose motor force as cone excursion increases, and that at maximum cone excursion is simultaneously when the speaker needs all the motor force it can to reverse cone motion AND is also the same time motor force is the least, you can understand why "BL distortion" is responsible for about 80% of speaker induced distortion. XBL^2 motors have a pretty much flat BL 'curve'. Their BL tends to be very linear, with much steeper drop offs in BL at each end when compared to the gentler slopes of the standard designs. XBL^2 setups (and BL optimized motors in general) are designed to work within this plateau of flat BL, keeping their motor force very consistent throughout the cone's stroke. In other words, the motor is basically just as strong at full cone excursion as it is when the coil is centered. BL distortion, which again accounts for about 80% of audible distortion from a speaker, is lowered to inaudible levels. Now with all that being said, a couple other factors must be remembered. When I talk about BL distortion accounting for '80% of speaker distortion', that's only talking about the distortion generated by the speaker itself. That is speaker-level distortion. There is also signal-level distortion, which is distortion generated in the signal chain and passed on to the amplifier to process just like the original signal material. In other words, removing the vast majority of speaker-level distortion doesn't mean your system will never sound distorted again, the sub can/would still make audible any distortion coming from over-driving the signal source (h/u) or amplifier. Another factor to consider is, not everyone prefers the 'sound' a BL optimized driver creates. Think about it, the vast majority of music we have ever listened to in our lives, was not live, it's been reproduced, by speakers, virtually of which have had a parabolic BL curve. Many of us are so use to hearing our favorite music WITH that BL distortion, that it feels natural, and when its gone something is wrong. Psychoacoustics at work. The last contributing factor is, distortion levels are not the only factor in determining the 'audible footprint' a speaker creates. Suspension type/stiffness, fs and other design specs, and of course the enclosure design itself (and how it interacts with the speaker placed in it) all contribute to how a speaker 'sounds' to a person. Dont obsess over BL curves or distortion levels if it means ignoring other contributing factors. [/QUOTE]
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