An alternator can go bad in two ways, either the regulator goes bad causing fluctuations in voltage or not charge at all.
Or it the alternator pulley section can go bad all together causing it to get stuck.
This problem can also happen from a regulator going bad in a way that's caused by clipping a amp to much or even the belt is going bad it's self.
If the regulator goes bad you will know by a dead battery.
If the pulley section is going bad you will know by removing the belt and turning the pulley by hand listening for grinding or hard to turn feeling.
A bad belt can be fixed by tensioning it more, but if it makes the tensioner max out or even get close then it's time to replace.
High rpm's with strechy belt will cause the pulley system to miss which causes loss of power also.
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