Overpowering Rockford Sub?

no, the gain knob does not indicate how much power you are putting out. set gains properly by ear or with a dmm at least to prevent clipping. I would stay near the rated power range and not go over too much on that sub just to be safe.

Is 50% on the level knob 600w? Is there anyway to know?

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There is no way to know without DMM. I suggest you buy a cheap DMM and read the DMM tutorial with some amendments: 1) normal music does not reach 0dB level, so it's wasteful to use a 0dB test tone. I'd recommend at least -5dB. 2) Investigate what's the subwoofer level setting on the head unit that corresponds to head unit's rated output voltage. Some people toss the idea that you need to max the subwoofer level to get the rated voltage, but that's not true with many head units. E.g. on kenwoods 0dB is the correct level.

I'd have to agree with the posts before me. Use a meter, it's more accurate and you will know from the meter if you are distorting anything