If you have one sub with x amount of power, and you keep the power the same and add a second sub, you gain approx. 3db.
This is a popular misconception any more. It stemmed from the vague rule of doubling cone area would yield +3db's. But, in order for this to happen (or even come close), both subs (the old one and the new one) must be radiating the same as the single one was previously. Hmmm you might be thinking. If you add a second sub that must be moving just as much as the first one, what also must you add/double? That's right, the power.
But now you're thinking there's also a rule that if you double the power, you'll gain (approx) 3db's, ignoring power compression, resistance, etc. This is if you were able to double the power to your sub(s), and they were magically able to utilize this power 100% efficiently. A speaker's efficiency at using power goes down as power increases. The second 500 watts wont yield as much of a gain in output as did the previous 500 watts. How often in the real world do we have setups that we could, without changing anything else, double the amplifier power without causing issues? Not too often. And even in those cases, a +3db would not be realized.
These rules of doubling power and/or doubling radiating cone area (most people seem to forget the radiating part of that) yielding a +3db is very very theoretical. It should not be used as some sort of measuring stick, its not very accurate, and there are many misconceptions floating around about exactly how these rules work.